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Introduction: Fiscal policy refers to the use of government spending and tax policies to influence economic conditions, including aggregate demand, employment, and inflation. Implemented by the government’s treasury or finance department, fiscal policy can be used to stimulate a sluggish economy, cool down an overheating economy, or fund public services and infrastructure projects. Effective fiscal policy supports the government's broader economic objectives, including sustainable growth, reduced unemployment, and stable prices, making it a key tool in macroeconomic management.

Components of Fiscal Policy:

• Expansionary Fiscal Policy: Involves increasing government spending, decreasing taxes, or both to stimulate economic growth. Typically used during recessions to boost demand and create jobs.
• Contractionary Fiscal Policy: Entails reducing government spending, increasing taxes, or both to slow economic expansion. Often applied to cool down inflationary pressures.

Impacts of Fiscal Policy:

• Economic Growth: Can spur economic activity and increase GDP in the short term.
• Public Debt: Financing increased government spending through borrowing can lead to higher public debt, influencing future fiscal sustainability.
• Income Redistribution: Taxation and government spending policies can also be used to redistribute income, aiming for a more equitable society.